Antimicrobial resistance and beta-lactamase gene distribution among clinical isolates: a two-year cohort study

A study of 2,098 patients found an evenly distributed sample, with 51.8% inpatients and 47.2% outpatients. The majority were females, with 58.5% aged 41-80 years. Urine samples produced 72.9% bacterial isolates. Between 2022 and 2023, healthcare facility admission rates increased, while outpatient walk-in numbers decreased. Antimicrobial resistance tests showed Imipenem and Tigecycline were effective, but Norfloxacin and Cotrimoxazole had notable resistance patterns. Escherichia coli detection rates were high, but MBL counts reached 83. Multiple resistance genes were found in MBL isolates.